Summary – In this chapter, the writer raises an
issue towards the deteriorating health of the earth. As human beings have been
exploiting natural resources from decades, presently the condition has made the
environment critical. In 1972, the Green Movement helped environmentalists to
raise awareness about the harmful condition of the earth and since then there
has been no looking back as the movement has been successfully educating people about the conservation of
the environment.
Earth is like a patient whose health is declining and it is our duty
to improve it. In 1987, the term Sustainable Development was used by the World
Commission on Environment and Development. A zoo in Lukasa, Zambia has a cage
in which a sign reads ‘The World’s most dangerous animal’ and inside there is a
mirror. It gives a message that human beings are the most dangerous animals.
Brandt Commission raised a question “Are we to leave our successors a scorched
planet of advancing deserts, impoverished landscapes and ailing environment?”
There are four principal biological systems that form the foundation
of the global economic system – fisheries, grasslands, forests, and croplands.
These four systems also provide food and raw materials for industries except
for minerals and synthetics. With these systems becoming unsustainable,
fisheries will collapse, the forest will slowly disappear, grasslands will turn
into a barren wasteland and croplands will become worse.
In poor countries, forests are being cut down for fuelwood which is
used for cooking purposes. There are some areas where the cost of fuelwood is
more than the cost of food. It is leading to deforestation at an alarming rate.
One of the reasons for the exploitation of the environment is the
increasing population. It is observed that about one million population is
increasing in every four days. This is not a good sign. There is an urgent need
to control overpopulation in the world. Development is the best contraceptive
for this problem as it will help in reduction in fertility, increase in education and income and improvement in
health.
We must see the world as a whole and not as dissociated parts. It is a
holistic and ecological view. According to Lester Brown, we have not inherited
the earth from our forefathers but we have borrowed it from our future
generations.
The Ailing Planet Summary in Hindi
इस अध्याय में लेखक ने पृथ्वी की
बिगड़ती सेहत के प्रति एक
मुद्दा उठाया है। क्योंकी मानव दशकों से प्राकृतिक संसाधनों
का शोषण/ दोहन कर रहा है,
वर्तमान में स्थिति ने पर्यावरण को
गंभीर बना दिया है।
1972 में, ग्रीन मूवमेंट ने पर्यावरणविदों को
पृथ्वी की हानिकारक स्थिति
के बारे में जागरूकता बढ़ाने में मदद की और तब
से पीछे मुड़कर नहीं देखा क्योंकि यह आंदोलन लोगों
को पर्यावरण के संरक्षण के
बारे में सफलतापूर्वक शिक्षित कर रहा है।
पृथ्वी एक रोगी की
तरह है जिसका स्वास्थ्य
गिर रहा है और इसे
सुधारना हमारा कर्तव्य है। 1987 में, पर्यावरण और विकास पर
विश्व आयोग द्वारा सतत विकास शब्द का इस्तेमाल किया
गया था।
जाम्बिया के लुकासा में
एक चिड़ियाघर में एक पिंजरा है
जिसमें एक चिन्ह ‘दुनिया
का सबसे खतरनाक जानवर’ लिखा है और अंदर
एक दर्पण है। यह संदेश देता
है कि मनुष्य सबसे
खतरनाक जानवर है।
ब्रांट आयोग ने एक प्रश्न
उठाया “क्या हम अपने उत्तराधिकारियों
के लिए आगे बढ़ते रेगिस्तानों का झुलसा हुआ
ग्रह, गरीब परिदृश्य और बीमार वातावरण
छोड़ रहे है?”
चार प्रमुख जैविक प्रणालियाँ हैं जो वैश्विक आर्थिक
प्रणाली की नींव बनाती
हैं – मत्स्य पालन, घास के मैदान, जंगल
और फसल भूमि। ये चार प्रणालियाँ
खनिजों और सिंथेटिक्स को
छोड़कर उद्योगों के लिए भोजन
और कच्चा माल भी उपलब्ध कराती
हैं।
इन प्रणालियों के अस्थिर होने
से मत्स्य पालन नष्ट हो जाएगा, जंगल
धीरे-धीरे गायब हो जाएगा, घास
के मैदान बंजर भूमि में बदल जाएंगे और फसल की
भूमि खराब हो जाएगी।
गरीब देशों में, ईंधन के लिए जंगलों
की लकड़ी को काटा जा
रहा है जिसका उपयोग
खाना पकाने के लिए किया
जाता है। कुछ क्षेत्र ऐसे हैं जहां ईंधन की लकड़ी की
लागत भोजन की लागत से
अधिक है। यह एक खतरनाक
दर से वनों की
कटाई का कारण बन
रहा है।
पर्यावरण के दोहन का
एक कारण बढ़ती जनसंख्या है। यह देखा गया
है कि हर चार
दिनों में लगभग दस लाख आबादी
बढ़ रही है। यह एक अच्छा
संकेत नहीं है।
विश्व में अत्यधिक जनसंख्या पर नियंत्रण की
तत्काल आवश्यकता है। इस समस्या के
लिए विकास सबसे अच्छा गर्भनिरोधक है क्योंकि यह
प्रजनन क्षमता में कमी, शिक्षा
और आय में वृद्धि
और स्वास्थ्य में सुधार में मदद करेगा।
हमें दुनिया को एक पूरे
के रूप में देखना चाहिए न कि अलग-अलग हिस्सों के रूप में।
यह एक समग्र और
पारिस्थितिक दृष्टिकोण है।
लेस्टर ब्राउन के अनुसार, हमें
पृथ्वी अपने पूर्वजों से विरासत में
नहीं मिली है बल्कि हमने
इसे अपनी आने वाली पीढ़ियों से उधार लिया
है।
The Ailing Planet Lesson Explanation
Passage: The following article was written by Nani Palkhivala and
published in The Indian Express on 24 November 1994. The issues that he raised
regarding the declining health of the earth continue to have relevance.
ONE cannot recall any movement in world history which has gripped the
imagination of the entire human race so completely and so rapidly as the Green
Movement which started nearly twenty-five years ago. In 1972 the world’s first
nationwide Green party was founded in New Zealand. Since then, the movement has
not looked back.
Word Meaning:
Gripped – clutch; hold
Green Movement – It is a movement which stresses people to follow
environmentally friendly practices.
Explanation of the above passage: The chapter ‘The Ailing Planet: the
Green Movement’s Role’ was an article published in the newspaper ‘The Indian
Express’ on November 24, 1994, written by Nani Palkhivala. He wrote about the
declining health condition of Earth.
The Green Movement which started nearly twenty-five years ago from
1994 spread so quickly in world history. The world’s first nationwide Green
party was founded in New Zealand in 1972.
Passage: We have shifted — one hopes, irrevocably — from the
mechanistic view to a holistic and ecological view of the world. It is a shift
in human perceptions as revolutionary as that introduced by Copernicus who
taught mankind in the sixteenth century that the earth and the other planets
revolved around the sun. For the first time in human history, there is a
growing worldwide consciousness that the earth itself is a living organism — an
enormous being of which we are parts. It has its own metabolic needs and vital
processes which need to be respected and preserved.
Word Meaning:
Irrevocably – in a way that cannot be changed or reversed
Holistic and Ecological View – It means a view for the preservation of
the environment. It also refers to the understanding of importance of earth’s
resources for the use of future generations
Revolutionary – evolving a complete change
Metabolic needs – needs of a living organism that enables them to have
a chemical process that causes food to be used for growth and energy
Explanation of the above passage: From some time our views have
shifted from seeing earth and its resources as irreversible to complete
opposite. We now understand that our resources need to converse for future
generations. Copernicus taught mankind how the earth and other planets revolve
around the sun and it was a complete change which evolved human perception.
Now, the earth is seen as a living organism of which we are an integral part.
Earth has its own metabolism and vital needs which humans should respect and
preserve.
Passage: The earth’s vital signs reveal a patient in declining health.
We have begun to realise our ethical obligations to be good stewards of the
planet and responsible trustees of the legacy to future generations.
The concept of sustainable development was popularised in 1987 by the
World Commission on Environment and Development. In its report it defined the
idea as “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their needs”, i.e., without stripping the
natural world of resources future generations would need.
Word Meaning:
Ethical Obligation – when someone is required to do something based on
a righteous standard of rules
Stewards – manage or to look after
Sustainable Development – economic development without depletion of
natural resources
Explanation of the above passage: Earth is now like a patient whose
health is declining. We as human beings are now realizing our duty to be good
managers of the planet and to be responsible trustees to conserve the
environment so that we can pass a legacy to the future generations. Sustainable
Development was popularised in the year 1987 by the World Commission on
Environment and Development. In the reports, Sustainable development is termed
as a type of development that meets the needs of the present generation without
wasting or compromising with natural resources so that future generations can
meet their needs.
Passage: In the zoo at Lusaka, Zambia, there is a cage where the
notice reads, ‘The world’s most dangerous animal’. Inside the cage there is no
animal but a mirror where you see yourself. Thanks to the efforts of a number
of agencies in different countries, a new awareness has now dawned upon the
most dangerous animal in the world. He has realised the wisdom of shifting from
a system based on domination to one based on partnership.
Scientists have catalogued about 1.4 million living species with which
mankind shares the earth. Estimates vary widely as regards the
still-uncatalogued living species — biologists reckon that about three to a
hundred million other living species still languish unnamed in ignominious
darkness.
Word Meaning:
Dawned – begin
Catalogued – classify; characterise
Reckon – calculate
Languish – lose or lack of vitality of a person or plant or animal;
grow weak
Ignominious darkness – disgraced as no one has knowledge about them
Explanation of the above passage: In a cage in a zoo in Lusaka, Zambia
there reads a notice- ‘The world’s most dangerous animal’ and inside the cage
is a mirror that depicted that humans are the world’s most dangerous animals.
With the efforts of new agencies in the world, now humans are seen as the most
dangerous animals. They have realized the importance of shifting to a new
system based on partnership. Humans share the earth with about 1.4 million
living species according to the classification of scientists. Biologists
calculate that there are still millions of other species which are yet not
classified due to their weakness or due to lack of knowledge about them.
Passage: One of the early international commissions which dealt, inter
alia, with the question of ecology and environment was the Brandt Commission
which had a distinguished Indian as one of its members — Mr
L.K. Jha. The First Brandt Report raised the question — “Are we to
leave our successors a scorched planet of advancing deserts, impoverished
landscapes and ailing environment?”
Word Meaning:
Inter Alia – among other things
Scorched – burn the surface with heat of fire
Impoverished – made poor
Ailing – in poor health
Explanation of the above passage: Brandt Commission was one of the
early international commissions who dealt with questions of ecology and
environment. They commissioned Mr. L.K. Jha as one of their commission members
who was an Indian citizen. Its first report raised a question: are we going to
leave a burned planet with aided deserts, poor landscapes and a poor
environment for our future generations?
Passage: Mr. Lester R. Brown in his thoughtful book, The Global
Economic Prospect, points out that the earth’s principal biological systems are
four — fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands — and they form the
foundation of the global economic system. In addition to supplying our food,
these four systems provide virtually all the raw materials for industry except
minerals and petroleum-derived synthetics. In large areas of the world, human
claims on these systems are reaching an unsustainable level, a point where
their productivity is being impaired. When this happens, fisheries collapse,
forests disappear, grasslands are converted into barren wastelands, and
croplands deteriorate. In a protein-conscious and protein hungry world,
over-fishing is common every day. In poor countries, local forests are being
decimated in order to procure firewood for cooking. In some places, firewood
has become so expensive that “what goes under the pot now costs more than what
goes inside it”. Since the tropical forest is, in the words of Dr Myers, “the
powerhouse of evolution”, several species of life face extinction as a result
of its destruction.
Word Meaning:
Synthetics – artificial substance
Impaired – weakened or damaged
Barren wastelands – barely inhabitable piece of land
Deteriorate – become progressively worse; decline
Decimated – to reduce in number
Procure – obtain with care or effort
Explanation of the above passage: There are four principal biological
systems that form the foundation of the global economic system according to the
book by Leslie R. Brown ‘The Global Economic Prospect’ – fisheries, grasslands,
forests, and croplands. These four systems provide food and raw materials for
industry except for minerals and synthetics. These systems have reached an
unsustainable point where their productivity has impaired. With this, fisheries
will collapse, the forest will slowly disappear, grasslands will turn into
barren wastelands and croplands will become worse. Overfishing is very common
nowadays where people are becoming protein-conscious. In poor countries,
forests are being cut down on a large scale to obtain wood for cooking. In some
areas, firewood is more costly than food. Many species are under destruction in
tropical forests.
Passage: It has been well said that forests precede mankind; deserts
follow. The world’s ancient patrimony of tropical forests is now eroding at the
rate of forty to fifty million acres a year, and the growing use of dung for
burning deprives the soil of an important natural fertiliser. The World Bank
estimates that a five-fold increase in the rate of forest planting is needed to
cope with the expected fuelwood demand in the year 2000.
James Speth, the President of the World Resources Institute, said the
other day, “We were saying that we are losing the forests at an acre a second,
but it is much closer to an acre-and-a-half to a second”.
Word Meaning:
Precede – come before in order or position
Patrimony – property inherited from father or ancestor
Deprives – prevent a person from using something
Explanation of the above passage: Forests and deserts come first in
order in comparison to humans. The ancient inheritance of tropical forests is
constantly wearing away at the rate of forty to fifty million acres a year.
Also, the burning of dung is preventing the soil to become natural fertilizer.
To meet the need for fuelwood demand, there is a need to increase the rate of
forest plantation by fivefold by the year 2020. We are losing the forests
closer to an acre-and-a-half to a second according to James Speth, President of
the World Resources Institute.
Passage: Article 48A of the Constitution of India provides that “the
State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard
the forests and wildlife of the country”. But what causes endless anguish is
the fact that laws are never respected nor enforced in India. (For instance,
the Constitution says that casteism, untouchability and bonded labour shall be
abolished, but they flourish shamelessly even after forty-four years of the
operation of the Constitution.) A recent report of our Parliament’s Estimates
Committee has highlighted the near catastrophic depletion of India’s forests
over the last four decades. India, according to reliable data, is losing its
forests at the rate of 3.7 million acres a year. Large areas, officially
designated as forest land, “are already virtually treeless”. The actual loss of
forests is estimated to be about eight times the rate indicated by government
statistics.
Word Meaning:
Endeavor – trying hard to achieve something
Anguish – pain; suffering
Casteism – discrimination on the grounds of caste
Catastrophic Depletion – a harmful reduction in a number of something
Explanation of the above passage: According to Article 48A of the
Constitution of India, the state should try to protect and improve the environment
and must protect the forest and wildlife of the country. But the painful fact
is that laws are not followed in India, for example – casteism, untouchability
and bonded labour. They are abolished but still are followed shamelessly. Over
the last four decades, India is losing forests at a harmful rate of 3.7 million
acres a year as per the report of Parliament’s Estimates Committee. The large
area of forestland is now treeless and the actual loss is estimated to be eight
times the rate given by government statistics.
Passage: A three-year study using satellites and aerial photography
conducted by the United Nations, warns that the environment has deteriorated so
badly that it is ‘critical’ in many of the eighty-eight countries investigated.
There can be no doubt that the growth of world population is one of
the strongest factors distorting the future of human society. It took mankind
more than a million years to reach the first billion. That was the world
population around the year 1800. By the year 1900, a second billion was added,
and the twentieth century has added another 3.7 billion. The present world
population is estimated at 5.7 billion. Every four days the world population
increases by one million.
Word Meaning: Distorting – deform; disfigure
Explanation of the above passage: According to the three-year study
conducted by the United Nations using satellites and aerial photography, our
environment has got so bad that in eighty-eight countries, it has reached the
critical stage. Growth of world population at such a fast rate is one of the
strongest reasons behind the distortion of the future of mankind. When it took
more than a million years to reach the first
billion population, in the next 100 years, the population number
increased by the next billion numbers. In the 20th century, the population
reached 3.7 billion and the present number is 5.7 billion. Presently, the case
is of the population increasing by one million every four days.
Passage: Fertility falls as incomes rise, education spreads, and health improves. Thus
development is the best contraceptive. But development itself may not be
possible if the present increase in numbers continues.
The rich get richer, and the poor beget children which condemns them
to remain poor. More children does not mean more workers, merely more people
without work. It is not suggested that human beings be treated like cattle and
compulsorily sterilised. But there is no alternative to voluntary family
planning without introducing an element of coercion. The choice is really
between control of population and perpetuation of poverty.
Word Meaning:
Beget – give life to
Condemns – find guilty of something
Sterilised – make free from bacteria or other micro organisms
Voluntary – done or given of one’s free will
Coercion – force
Perpetuation – keep going
Explanation of the above passage: Development is the best possible
solution for overpopulation. It can help in reduction in fertility and rise in
income, to spread more education, and
improvement in health. But if the number of the population will keep
increasing, it may not help in attaining any kind of development.
As the rich get richer, the poor births children who are bound to remain poorer. More population will
lead to more unemployment. Humans should not be treated like cattle who are
sterilized by force.
But to control the population some element of force has to be put on
for family planning. Now, humans have to choose between population control and
keeping up with poverty.
Passage: The population of India is estimated to be 920 million today
— more than the entire populations of Africa and South America put together. No
one familiar with the conditions in India would doubt that the hope of the
people would die in their hungry hutments unless population control is given
topmost priority.
For the first time in human history we see a transcending concern —
the survival not just of the people but of the planet. We have begun to take a
holistic view of the very basis of our existence. The environmental problem
does not necessarily signal our demise, it is our passport for the future. The
emerging new world vision has ushered in the Era of Responsibility. It is a
holistic view, an ecological view, seeing the world as an integrated whole
rather than a dissociated collection of parts.
Word Meaning:
Hutments – collection of huts
Transcending Concern – a concern that existed for a very long time and
has passed down from one generation to another
Demise – death
Ushered – guide someone somewhere
Explanation of the above passage: The population of India is 920
million that is more than the population of Africa and South America together. If the population is not
controlled, most of the people would die in their huts with just a hope. But
with time, people are now concerned about the survival of the planet. We have
now started to see our existence with a comprehensive view. Solving
Environmental problems are a passport to the future and should not be seen as a
remark of our death. We should see the world as a whole and not as different
parts.
Passage: Industry has a most crucial role to play in this new Era of
Responsibility. What a transformation would be affected if more businessmen
shared the view of the Chairman of Du Pont, Mr Edgar S. Woolard who, five years
ago, declared himself to be the Company’s “Chief Environmental Officer”. He
said, “Our continued existence as a leading manufacturer requires that we excel
in environmental performance.”
Of all the statements made by Margaret Thatcher during the years of
her Prime Ministership, none has passed so decisively into the current coin of
English usage as her felicitous words: “No generation has a freehold on this
earth. All we have is a life tenancy — with a full repairing lease”. In the
words of Mr. Lester Brown, “We have not inherited this earth from our
forefathers; we have borrowed it from our children.”
Word Meaning:
Decisively – clear and definitive
Felicitous – well-chosen
Freehold – permanent tenure of land or property
Tenancy – possession of the land
Explanation of the above passage: In the era of responsibility towards
the environment, industry plays an important role. Chairman of Du Pont, Mr.
Woolard declared himself as ‘Chief Environmental Officer’ and such attitude in
other businessmen can have a great effect on the transformation.
When Margaret Thatcher was the Prime Minister, her one statement which
was so well chosen, she said that no human on this earth holds a permanent
tenure, we all have life possession and a full repairing lease. According to
Mr. Lester Brown, we have borrowed the earth from our children.
Understanding the text
1. Locate the lines in the text that support the title ‘The Ailing
Planet’.
Ans: The lines that support the title ‘The Ailing Planet’ are:
i. “The earth’s vital signs
reveal a patient in declining health”
ii. “Are we to leave our
successors a scorched planet of advancing deserts, impoverished landscapes, and
the ailing environment?”
iii. “…the environment has deteriorated so badly that it is ‘critical’
in many of the eighty-eight countries investigated”
iv. “There can be no doubt that
the growth of world population is one of the strongest factors distorting the
future of human society”
2. What does the notice ‘The world’s most dangerous animal’ at a cage
in the zoo at Lusaka, Zambia, signify?
Ans: The notice ‘The world’s most dangerous animal’ signifies that
human has deteriorated the planet from a long time that his own survival is
under threat now.
3. How are the earth’s principal biological systems being depleted?
Ans: There are four principal biological systems – fisheries,
grasslands, forests, and croplands. These four systems provide food and raw
materials for industry except for minerals and synthetics. These systems have
reached an unsustainable point where their productivity have impaired. As a
result, fisheries are collapsing, deforestation is taking place, grasslands are
turning into barren wasteland and croplands are becoming worse. Overfishing is
very common nowadays where people are becoming protein-conscious. In poor
countries, the forest is being cut down on a large scale to obtain wood for
cooking. In some areas, firewood is more costly than food. Many species are under
destruction in tropical forests.
4. Why does the author aver that the growth of world population is one
of the strongest factors distorting the future of human society?
Ans: The author avers that the growth of world population is one of
the strongest factors behind the distortion of the future of mankind because
overpopulation leads to unemployment, rise in poor health conditions and
ultimately poverty. It deteriorates the environment and the four principal
biological systems.
The richer are getting rich and the poor is birthing more children
which leads to more unemployment. Development is the best contraceptive which
will lead to more employment, rise in health conditions and improvement in education. It also results in a reduction in
fertility rate. We have to choose between population control and keeping up
with poverty.
Talking about the text
1. Discuss – Laws are never respected nor enforced in India.
Ans: According to the Article 48A of the Constitution of India, the
state should try to protect and improve the environment and must protect the
forest and wildlife of the country. But the painful fact is that laws are not
followed in India. For example – casteism, untouchability and bonded labour,
are said to be abolished in India but are still in practice. Over the last four
decades, India is losing forest at a harmful rate of 3.7 million acres a year
as per the report of Parliament’s Estimates Committee. The large area of
forestland is now treeless and the actual loss is estimated to be eight times
the rate given by government statistics.
2. Discuss – “Are we to leave our successors a scorched planet of
advancing deserts, impoverished landscapes and an ailing environment?”
Ans: The above lines were mentioned in the first report of the Brandt
Commission. With the rising scale of distortion of the environment, humans are
going to leave a burned planet with aided deserts, poor landscapes and a poor
environment for our future generations. Our earth is like a patient with
declining health and it is not a good sign. Deforestation and over populations
are some of the reasons behind the deterioration of the earth. We must realize
our ‘Era of Responsibility’ before it’s too late. We must conserve the earth as
if we have borrowed it from our future generations.
3. Discuss – “We have not inherited this earth from our forefathers;
we have borrowed it from our children”.
Ans: From many decades, humans are using the resources of the earth at
a very alarming rate without worrying about future generations. Now the
environment has become critical enough that humans must realize the era of
responsibility towards it. With quite some time, human perception is changing
and the earth is seen as a ‘holistic and ecological view’. Earth is seen as a
living organism which has its own metabolic and vital needs. We must protect
the resources for future generations. Use of ‘Sustainable Development’ which
means meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising with
future generations. Thus, the earth’s resources should be utilized in a way
that doesn’t affect the future.
4. Discuss – The problems of overpopulation that directly affect our
everyday life.
Ans: Overpopulation leads to many problems that are affecting mankind
and natural resources. It leads to poverty and unemployment. The poor children
are forced to live the same lifestyle as their parents did because of the lack
of resources and facilities. Overpopulation leads to lesser education and low health facilities which
results in more problems like the rise in harmful diseases and fertility rate.
The natural resources are being consumed at a very fast rate to fulfill the need
of the population throughout the world. Deforestation is one of the issues
where forests are being cut down. All this results in global warming and if the
population is not controlled, it will deplete the environment and earth.
Thinking about language
The phrase ‘inter alia’ meaning ‘among other things’ is one of the
many Latin expressions commonly used in English. Find out what these Latin
phrases mean.
1. prima facie
2. ad hoc
3. in camera
4. ad infinitum
5. mutatis mutandis
6. caveat
7. tabula rasa
Ans:
Prima Facie – At first sight, before closer inspection
Ad Hoc – for a specific purpose or situation
In Camera – in secret
Ad Infinitum – having no end
Mutatis Mutandis – changing only those things which needs to be
changed
Caveat – a warning
Tabula Rasa – without any prior knowledge
Working with words
I. Locate the following phrases in the text and study their
connotation.
1. gripped the imagination of
2. dawned upon
3. ushered in
4. passed into current coin
5. passport of the future
Ans:
1. gripped the imagination of – received much attention
2. dawned upon – become apparent
3. ushered in – begin the new idea
4. passed into current coin – something which has been brought into
use
5. passport of the future – a thing that makes something possible to
happen
II. The words ‘grip’, ‘dawn’, ‘usher’, ‘coin’, ‘passport’ have a
literal as well as a figurative meaning. Write pairs of sentences using each
word in the literal as well as the figurative sense.
Ans:
Grip:
1) She held the balloon with a tight grip.
2) The movement of ‘Stop Rape’ has gripped the minds of people.
Dawn –
1) She waited for Ronald until dawn, but he never came back.
2) The idea of starting a new business dawned on him.
Usher –
1) The attendant ushered them to their seats.
2) The internet ushered in an era of mass communication.
Coin –
1) She asked him to give all the coins he had collected so far.
2) The term was coined by a famous Physicist.
Passport –
1) He went to the visa office to get his passport stamped to go to New
York.
2) Education is our passport to
the future.
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